Kwicandelo lezothutho nezothutho, ukhuseleko lwemithwalo aluyonto nje yenkqubo; ngumqobo obalulekileyo phakathi kokuhanjiswa ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokungaphumeleli okukhulu. Nangona kudla ngokufana nokubonakalaimixokelelwane yokuphakamisa,imixokelelwane yokubopha kunye nemixokelelwane yokubopha(ngokubanzi ezibizwa ngokuba ziitsheyini zothutho) zisebenza injongo eyahlukileyo nebalulekileyo. Zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukukhusela imithwalo enzima ngexesha lokuhamba, kungekhona ukuphakamisa ngaphezulu.
Njengoko kuphawuliwe kweli candelo, ezi ntambo zisebenza ecaleniimixokelelwane yokuphakamisangokwemiphumo yokusilela—izinto ezichaphazela ukhuseleko lwabantu kunye nokuthembeka kwemithwalo ebiza kakhulu. Ingozi ebangelwa kukwaphuka kwetyathanga inokukhokelela ekwenzakaleni okukhulu kwabantu, ekonakaleni kwesithuthi, nasekulahlekelweni yimpahla iyonke. Ke ngoko, umgangatho wesinyithi kunye nokuchaneka konyango lobushushu kubaluleke kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zodwa azanele; indlela yokusebenzisa, ekhokelwa yimigaqo yobunjineli kunye namava entsimi, idlala indima ebaluleke ngokulinganayo.
Kwi-SCIC (www.scic-chain.com), sibonelelaukubotshwa nokubotshwa kwamatyathangayenziwe ngentsimbi yentsimbi eyoluliweyo enesandi. Icandelo ngalinye lihlolwa kwaye livavanywa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba asizisi nje kuphela imveliso, kodwa nesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko. Esi sikhokelo sichaza iiparameter eziphambili, iinkqubo zokusebenza kwindawo, amanyathelo okhuseleko abalulekileyo, kunye nemigangatho yokutshintsha efunekayo ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo imixokelelwane yezothutho.
1. Iiparameter zoBunjineli obuPhambili
Ukuqonda iinkcukacha zobugcisa zetsheyini linyathelo lokuqala lokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo. Abaqhubi kunye nabathengi kufuneka bajonge ngaphaya kobukhulu obubonakalayo betsheyini baze bahlalutye la manqaku alandelayo edatha abalulekileyo, ekufuneka aphawulwe ngokucacileyo kwitsheyini okanye kwithegi ehamba nayo.
a) Umda woMthwalo woMsebenzi (WLL) vs. Amandla okuPhula
- Umda Womthwalo Wokusebenza (WLL): Lo ngamandla aphezulu kwi-daN (dekaNewton) okanye iikhilogram ezigunyazisiweyo yitsheyini entsha ukuba ziqhubeke nokutsala ngokuthe tye ngexesha lenkonzo eqhelekileyo. Lo ngumda "okhuselekileyo". Kwizicelo zokuqhawula, oku kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiLashing Capacity (LC).
- Amandla Okuqhekeza (BF): La ngamandla amancinci apho itsheyini iya kuqhekeka khona ngexesha lovavanyo olutshabalalisayo. Iphezulu kakhulu kune-WLL. Kusetyenziswa umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wokhuseleko (odla ngokuba yi-4:1 kwiitsheyini zothutho), oko kuthetha ukuba itsheyini inamandla aphindwe kane kune-WLL yayo.
b) Udidi kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo
Iitsheyini zothutho zanamhlanje zenziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy, zilungiswa ngobushushu ukuze kufezekiswe iimpawu ezithile zoomatshini.
-Ibanga lesi-8 (umz., iBanga lama-80 okanye i-100): Lo ngumgangatho osetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lokubopha ngentambo esebenza kakhulu. Inani (80 okanye 100) libhekisa kwinqanaba lebanga, elichaza amandla okutsalwa.Ikhonkco leBanga le-100inika i-WLL ephezulu ngobubanzi obufanayo xa ithelekiswa neIbanga lama-80, nto leyo evumela ukuba iintambo zibe lula kwaye kube lula ukuzibamba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngamandla.
- Ukwakhiwa kwezinto: Intsimbi ye-alloy kufuneka ibe semgangathweni kwaye ifane ukuze imelane noxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo lothutho ngaphandle kokwenza ii-micro-fractures.
c) Ubungakanani kunye nokulingana
- Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo (Ububanzi): Ubukhulu bocingo lwentsimbi olusetyenziswa ukwenza amakhonkco. Oku kunxulumene ngqo ne-WLL.
- Ubukhulu bangaphakathi: Ubude nobubanzi ngaphakathi kwekhonkco kufuneka kwanele ukuvumela izinto zokudibanisa (ezifana neehoki kunye neentsimbi) ukuba zihlale kakuhle ngaphandle kokubopha.
d) Izinto eziyinxalenye yeNkqubo
Inkqubo yetyathanga lokuqhawula imitya ayipheleli nje kwiikhonkco zetyathanga. Eyona ndawo ibuthathaka kwinkqubo imisela umthamo opheleleyo.
- Izinto zokufakelwa: Iihoki (umz., iihoki zokubamba, iihoki ze-claw) kunye nee-shackles kufuneka zibe ne-WLL ubuncinane elingana neyetsheyini.
- IiTensioner (iRatchet okanye iLever): Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa amandla afunekayo ngaphambi koxinzelelo kwitsheyini ukuze kuqiniswe umthwalo.
2. Ukusebenza kwindawo: Ukukhusela umthwalo
Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kufuna indlela ecwangcisiweyo. Iintambo zothutho ziphantsi kwamandla "aqinileyo" (ukukhawulezisa, ukuqhobosha, ukugoba) kunye namandla aguqukayo (ukungcangcazela). Injongo yokusebenza kwindawo kukumelana nala mandla.
a) Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphambi Kokusetyenziswa
Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ngakunye, kufuneka uhlolwe ngamehlo.
- Iskena Esibonakalayo: Khangela amakhonkco agobileyo okanye aguqukileyo, amaqhuqhuva, imingxunya, kunye nokugqwala okukhulu okanye ukuqhekeka.
- Ukudibanisa iikhonkco: Qinisekisa ukuba iikhonkco ziyaguquguquka ngokukhululekileyo. Ukuqina kwazo kunokubonisa umonakalo wangaphakathi okanye ungcoliseko.
- Ukujonga izixhobo: Qinisekisa ukuba iihoko azijijekanga, imingxuma yazo ayikhuliswanga, kwaye iilatshi zazo zokhuseleko (ukuba zifakiwe) zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo.
b) Iindlela Zokusebenzisa
- Ukuhambisa Itsheyini: Itsheyini kufuneka ijikelezwe kumgca othe tye phakathi kweendawo zokuncamathisela kwisithuthi kunye nomthwalo. Kuphephe imiphetho ebukhali; ukuba itsheyini kufuneka idlule kwikona ebukhali, sebenzisa iisali zekona ezikhuselayo okanye izikhuseli zomphetho ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kweekhonkco.
- Ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo:
1. Ncamathisela itsheyini kwiindawo zokubopha isithuthi kunye neendawo zokubopha imithwalo (umz., iiringi zokubopha imithwalo).
2. Sebenzisa isixhobo sokuqinisa (i-ratchet okanye i-lever hoist) ukuze uthathe i-slack kwaye usebenzise i-pre-tension.
3. Uxinzelelo lwangaphambi koxinzelelo kufuneka lwanele ukugcina umthwalo ungashukumi phantsi kokushukuma okuqhelekileyo kothutho kodwa akufuneki ludlule i-50% ye-WLL yetsheyini ngexesha loxinzelelo. Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lubeka uxinzelelo olungeyomfuneko kwinkqubo kwaye lunokonakalisa umthwalo.
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zikhululekile: Naluphi na ubude betyathanga obugqithisileyo kufuneka buqiniswe ukuze kuthintelwe "ukubethelwa kwetyathanga" ngexesha lokuhamba, nto leyo enokonakalisa umthwalo okanye ityathanga ngokwalo.
c) Ukulingana kunye nokulinganisela
Kwimithwalo enzima okanye enexabiso eliphezulu, ulungiselelo lwe-lashing kufuneka lube linganayo. Inani le-lashing kunye ne-engile yazo (i-engile ye-lashing) zibalulekile. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-lashing kunciphisa njengoko i-engile ethe tye incipha. Okona kufanelekileyo, i-lashings kufuneka isondele kakhulu kwi-engile ethe tye ukuze imelane nentshukumo eya phambili.
3. Amanyathelo Okhuseleko Abalulekileyo: Izinto Ekungamele Uzenze
Amava abonisa ukuba uninzi lokusilela kweenkqubo akubangelwa ziziphene zokwenza izinto kodwa kukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwazo. Ukunamathela kwezi zilumkiso zilandelayo akunakuxoxiswana ngazo.
a) Akukho kuphakanyiswa ngaphezulu
Olu lolona mahluko lubalulekileyo. Iintambo zokuqhawula azilungiselelwanga ukuphakamisa ngaphezulu. Ukuphakamisa kubandakanya amandla aguqukayo angaqikelelweyo kwaye anokudlula imida yoyilo olungaguqukiyo lwezinto zentambo zothutho. Ukusebenzisa intambo yokuqhawula xa uphakamisa kukwaphulwa kokhuseleko okukhulu.
b) Kuphephe Ukulayisha Izinto Ezibangela Uloyiko
Ukujijeka okanye ukungqubana ngequbuliso—njengokuqala kwelori ngequbuliso okanye ukushenxiswa komthwalo kunye “nokuhlutha” ikhonkco—kunokudala amandla angaphezulu kakhulu kwe-WLL, okukhokelela ekuqhekekeni okubuthathaka ngoko nangoko. Soloko uxinaniso lwekhonkco luhamba kakuhle.
c) Khusela kubushushu nakwi-Abrasion
- Ubushushu: Intsimbi ye-alloy ilahlekelwa ngamandla ayo anyangwa ngobushushu xa ibekwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Kuphephe ukudibana neenkqubo zokukhupha ubushushu ezishushu okanye iintlantsi zokuwelda.
- Ukurhawuzelelwa: Musa ukurhuqa iitsheyini kwikhonkrithi erhabaxa okanye kwiindawo ezirhabaxa. Oku kuyayichitha impahla yekhonkco, kunciphisa indawo enqamlezileyo kwaye kwenze buthathaka itsheyini.
d) Lumka Ukujija Nokuqhina
Itsheyini akufuneki isetyenziswe kwimeko ejijekileyo. Ukujija kubangela uxinzelelo olujijekileyo olungenakuyilwa ukuba luphathwe yitsheyini. Ungaze usebenzise amaqhina ukufinyeza itsheyini; sebenzisa ihoko yokubamba ebekwe kakuhle kwikhonkco.
e) I-engile yokulayisha
Ukuba kusetyenziswa itsheyini kwibhaskithi okanye kwilungiselelo lemilenze emininzi, amandla kumlenze ngamnye ayanda njengoko i-engile evela ethe nkqo isanda. Le "sling angle factor" kufuneka ibalwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mlenze mnye uxineneyo.
4. Iikhrayitheriya zokutshintsha: Ixesha lokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwiTshatha
Iitsheyini zizinto ezigugileyo. Zinobomi obufutshane benkonzo. Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa itsheyini egugileyo okanye eyonakeleyo kukudlala ngokhuseleko. Itsheyini kufuneka isuswe ngoko nangoko kwinkonzo kwaye itshintshwe ukuba kukho nayiphi na kwezi meko zilandelayo ezilandelwayo:
a) Ukuguquka
- Ukwandiswa: Linganisa ityathanga kubude obuthile (umz., iilinki ezili-10). Ukuba ubude obulinganisiweyo budlula inkcazo yomenzi (ngesiqhelo i-3-5% yokwandiswa), ityathanga liyolukile kwaye lilahlekelwe bubunyani balo obuphathwe ngobushushu. Olu luphawu oluphambili lokusilela okulindileyo.
- Iikhonkco Ezigobileyo okanye Ezijijekileyo: Naluphi na unxibelelwano olubonakala ngathi lugobile kwindawo yalo yokuqala lubonisa ukuba kukho uxinano olukhulu kakhulu.
b) Ukuguguleka kunye nokulahlekelwa yiCandelo
- Ukunxiba kwiindawo zokubeka: Linganisa ububanzi bekhonkco kwiindawo apho amakhonkco adibana khona. Ukuba ububanzi buphelile ngaphezulu kwe-10% (jonga iinkcukacha zomenzi), ikhonkco kufuneka litshintshwe. Intsimbi encinci ayinakuxhasa umthwalo olinganisiweyo.
- Ukutshixa kunye nokugoba: Ii-nicks ezinzulu zenza iindawo zoxinzelelo apho imifantu inokuqala khona.
c) Imeko yoMphezulu
- Imifantu: Kwanemifantu yeenwele kumphezulu wekhonkco zizizathu zokungamkeleki ngoko nangoko.
- Ukugqwala Okukhulu: Ukugqwala ngenxa yokugqwala kunokunyusa uxinzelelo. Ukuba umphezulu uneemingxuma ezinzulu, ityathanga liyachaphazeleka.
d) Imeko yehardware
- Iihoki: Buyisela iihoki endaweni yazo ukuba umqolo womqala ujijekile okanye uvuleke ngaphezulu kwe-15%, okanye ukuba kukho ukuguguleka okubonakalayo kwisali yehoki.
e) Idatha engekhoyo okanye engafundekiyo
Ukuba uphawu lomgangatho lomenzi okanye i-tag ye-WLL ayikho, kwaye ikhonkco alinakuchongwa ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka lisuswe kwinkonzo. Awunakuyisebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo into ongenakukwazi ukuyibona.
Ukubethelwa kunye nokubotshwa kwamatyathangangabagcini abathuleyo bokhuseleko lwemithwalo. Apha kwi-SCIC, siqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziluhlaza—intsimbi yethu yentsimbi eyoluliweyo—kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yokuthembeka kwesinyithi. Ngokuhlola nokuvavanya ngokungqongqo, sinikezela ngemixokelelwane onokuyithemba.
Nangona kunjalo, sikhuthaza bonke abaqhubi kunye nabathengi ukuba bakhumbule ukuba ikhonkco lithembeke kuphela njengeendlela ezijikeleze ukusetyenziswa kwalo. Ngokuhlonipha uMda woMthwalo woMsebenzi, ukunamathela kwiindlela ezilungileyo zokusebenza, kunye nokunamathela kwiindlela ezingqongqo zokutshintsha, udala inkcubeko yokhuseleko ekhusela ubomi bomntu, igcina imithwalo ebiza kakhulu, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba lonke uhambo luphela ngempumelelo.
Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha zobugcisa okanye ukubonisana noochwephesha abafanelekileyo kwisicelo sakho, nxibelelana nathiI-SCICnamhlanje.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-14-2026
