Isishwankathelo
Kwindlela yokukhupha okwesibini eyaziwa ngokuba yi-longwall mining, ubuso obude bokumba (ngokuqhelekileyo buphakathi kwe-100 ukuya kwi-300m kodwa bunokuba bude) budalwa ngokuqhuba indlela kwiikona zasekunene phakathi kweendlela ezimbini ezenza amacala e-longwall block, kunye ne-rib enye yale ndlela intsha eyenza ubuso be-longwall. Nje ukuba izixhobo zobuso be-longwall zifakiwe, amalahle anokukhutshwa kubude obupheleleyo bobuso ngezilayi zobubanzi obunikiweyo (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"web" yamalahle). Ubuso be-longwall yanamhlanje buxhaswa zizibonelelo ezisebenza ngamanzi kwaye ezi zibonelelo zihanjiswa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuze zixhase ubuso obutsha obukhutshiweyo njengoko izilayi zithathwa, okuvumela indawo apho amalahle ayembiwe khona kwaye axhaswa khona ukuba adilike (abe yi-goaf). Le nkqubo iphindaphindwa rhoqo, iwebhu ngewebhu, ngaloo ndlela isusa ngokupheleleyo ibhloko yamalahle engunxande, ubude bebhloko buxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi (jonga amanqaku alandelayo)
Inkqubo yokuthutha amalahle ifakelwe ebusweni, kubuso banamhlanje "i-armoured face conveyor okanye i-AFC". Iindlela ezenza amacala ebhloko zibizwa ngokuba "ziindlela zesango". Indlela apho kufakelwe khona i-conveyor ephambili ibizwa ngokuba "yisango eliphambili" (okanye "isango elikhulu"), kunye nendlela ekwelinye icala ibizwa ngokuba yindlela "yesango elingasemva" (okanye "isango elingasemva").
Iingenelo zokwemba iindonga ezinde xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokukhupha iintsika zezi:
• Izixhaso ezisisigxina zifuneka kuphela kwicandelo lokuqala lokusebenza nangexesha lokufakelwa nokubuyiselwa kwesakhiwo. Ezinye izixhaso zophahla (ii-longwall chocks okanye izikhuselo kwiindonga ezinde zanamhlanje) ziyasuswa kwaye zifuduswe kunye nezixhobo zobuso.
• Ukufunyanwa kwezixhobo kuphezulu kakhulu - ngokwethiyori yi-100% yebhloko yamalahle ekhutshwayo, nangona ekusebenzeni kusoloko kukho ukuchitheka kwamalahle okanye ukuvuza kwinkqubo yokuthutha ubuso elahleka iye kwi-goaf, ingakumbi ukuba kukho amanzi amaninzi ebusweni.
• Iinkqubo zokwemba iLongwall ziyakwazi ukuvelisa iziphumo ezibalulekileyo ezivela kubuso obunye beLongwall – iitoni ezizigidi ezisi-8 ngonyaka nangaphezulu.
• Xa isebenza ngokuchanekileyo, amalahle ambiwa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo, eqhubekayo nephindaphindayo, nto leyo efanelekileyo kulawulo lweendawo ezithile kunye nemisebenzi yokwemba enxulumene nayo.
• Iindleko zabasebenzi/iitoni eziveliswayo ziphantsi kakhulu
Izinto ezingalunganga zezi:
• Kukho iindleko eziphezulu zezixhobo, nangona mhlawumbi zingabi phezulu njengoko zibonakala ekuqaleni xa kuthelekiswa nenani leeyunithi zabasebenzi bemigodi abaqhubekayo eziya kufuneka ukuvelisa imveliso efanayo.
• Imisebenzi igxile kakhulu ("onke amaqanda kwingobozi enye")
• Iindonga ezinde aziguquguquki kakhulu kwaye "azixoleli" - aziphathi kakuhle ukungahambelani komthungo; iindlela zamasango kufuneka ziqhutywe kwimigangatho ephezulu kungenjalo kuya kuvela iingxaki; iimeko ezintle zobuso zihlala zixhomekeke ekubeni imveliso iqhubeka rhoqo, ngoko ke iingxaki ezibangela ukulibaziseka zinokukhula zibe ziziganeko ezinkulu.
• Ngenxa yokuba ii-longwalls azixoleli, abasebenzi abanamava babalulekile ukuze imisebenzi iphumelele.
Isigqibo esibalulekileyo ekufuneka senziwe bubungakanani beebhloko zedonga elide. Ngenxa yokuba iibhloko zedonga elide zanamhlanje ziquka inani elikhulu lezixhobo (amanani amakhulu ezinto ezininzi, kunye nezinto ezininzi ezinobunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-30 nangaphezulu), inkqubo yokufumana izixhobo kwibhloko egqityiweyo, ukuzithutha uziyise kwibhloko entsha uze uzifake kwibhloko entsha (ngokuqhelekileyo uninzi lwazo lukhutshwa emgodini ukuze zilungiswe) ngumsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu. Ngaphandle kweendleko ezithe ngqo ezibandakanyekayo, imveliso kunye nengeniso ayisebenzi ngeli xesha. Iibhloko zedonga elide ezinkulu ziya kwenza ukuba inani lokufuduka lincitshiswe, nangona kunjalo kukho izinto ezithintelayo kubungakanani beebhloko zedonga elide:
• Okukhona ubuso bude, kokukhona kufuneka amandla amaninzi kwinkqubo yokuthutha amalahle ebusweni (jonga amanqaku alandelayo kwi-AFC's). Okukhona amandla emaninzi, kokukhona ubukhulu bomzimba beeyunithi zokuqhuba bukhulu (ngesiqhelo kukho iyunithi yokuqhuba kuzo zombini iziphelo zobuso). Iiyunithi zokuqhuba kufuneka zingene kwindawo yokumba kwaye zivumele indawo yokufikelela ngaphaya kwazo, yokungenisa umoya ebusweni kunye nokuvalwa kophahla ukuya kumgangatho othile. Kwakhona okukhona amandla emaninzi, kokukhona makhulu (kwaye ke ngoko anzima).imixokelelwane yemigodikwi-face conveyor - la makhonkco entsimbi angqukuva kufuneka abanjwe ngesandla ebusweni ngamanye amaxesha kwaye kukho imida esebenzayo malunga nobukhulu bamakhonkco emigodi.
• Kwezinye iindawo zokufakelwa kweendonga ezinde, ubushushu obudalwa zii-drives zokuthutha ezinamandla aphezulu bunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo.
• Ububanzi bobuso kunye nobude bunokulawulwa yimida edalwe yimida yokuqeshisa, ukungaqhubeki komthungo okanye utshintsho, uphuhliso lomgodi olusele lukhona kunye/okanye amandla okungenisa umoya.
• Amandla omgodi wokwenza iibhloko ezintsha zodonga olude ukuze ukuqhubeka kwemveliso yodonga olude kungachaphazeleki kakubi.
• Imeko yezixhobo – ukutshintsha ezinye izinto ukuze zilungiswe okanye zitshintshwe ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwebhloko ende kunokuba yingxaki, kwaye kungcono ukwenze ngexesha lokufuduka.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-27-2022
