(ngenxaiikhonkco ezijikelezileyoisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinzima ezifana nee-bucket lifti kwizityalo zesamente kunye nee-ash/scraper conveyors kwizityalo zamandla. Ezi zinto zifuna indibaniselwano eyahlukileyo yobunzima obuphezulu bomphezulu ukuze kuthintelwe ukuguguleka kunye nombindi oqinileyo, othambileyo ukuze umelane nempembelelo kunye nokudinwa)
Injongo kukudala ityesi enzulu, evakala ngathi yintsimbi edibeneyo kakuhle nombindi. Le nkqubo ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela abalulekileyo:
Inyathelo 1: Ngaphambi Konyango (Onganyanzelekanga)
- Inkqubo: Ukulungisa izinto zibe zezobuqhetseba.
- Injongo: Ukuphucula ulwakhiwo lwengqolowa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle/ukukwazi ukudityaniswa kweekhonkco zetyathanga ezingavuthwanga.
- Ipharamitha yoBuchule: Fudumeza amakhonkco ukuya kwi-880–920°C uze uwavumele aphole emoyeni.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukufaka iCarburizing
Le yinkqubo ephambili apho ikhabhoni isasazeka khona kumphezulu. Ukufaka igesi kwi-carburizing yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo nelawulekayo kwezi zicelo.
- Injongo: Ukwandisa umxholo wekhabhoni engaphezulu, okwenza ukuba ibe nzima kakhulu emva kokucima.
- Ubushushu: 880–930°C. Ulawulo lobushushu oluhambelanayo lubalulekile ukuze kubekho ubunzulu obufanayo becala.
- Iatmosphere: Iatmosphere etyebileyo kwikhabhoni, edla ngokuba yigesi ye-endothermic etyebiswe yi-hydrocarbon efana ne-methane okanye i-propane. Amandla ekhabhoni kufuneka alawulwe ngononophelo.
- Amandla eKhabhoni: Gcina kwi-0.8–1.0% ukuze ufumane uxinaniso oluphezulu lwekhabhoni kumphezulu ukuze ufumane ubunzima obukhulu ngaphandle kokwenza iikhabhoyidi ezigqithisileyo.
- Ixesha: Limiselwa bubunzulu betyala obufunekayo. Ukusasazwa kuxhomekeke kwixesha. Umzekelo:
- Ubunzulu bekheyisi eyi-1.0 mm: Malunga neeyure ezi-8–10.
- Ubunzulu becala eliyi-1.5 mm: Ixesha elide ngokulinganisela.
- Inkcazelo yoBunzulu: Kwimixokelelwane enzima, kufuneka ubunzulu obukhulu betyala.
- Umthetho weThumb: Ubunzulu obuncinci bokugalela i-carburizing obuphindwe kayi-0.1 ubukhulu be-bar ukuya kuthi ga kayi-0.21 ubukhulu be-bar buhlala buchazwa ngabavelisi.
- Ubunzulu obupheleleyo: Ngokwesiqhelo isusela kwi-0.5 mm ukuya kwi-2.0 mm, kwaye i-1.0–1.5 mm ixhaphakile xa kusetyenziswa i-slag kunye nesamente.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukucima
- Injongo: Ukuguqula umaleko womphezulu wekhabhoni ephezulu ube yisakhiwo esiqinileyo nesimelana nokuguguleka kwe-martensitic.
- Phakathi: Ioyile yeyona nto ikhethwayo yokucima ulwelo kwezi ntsimbi ze-alloy. Ukucima ulwelo kubonelela ngesantya sokupholisa esikhawulezayo ngokwaneleyo ukuze kufumaneke ubulukhuni obuphezulu ngelixa kunciphisa umngcipheko wokugqwetheka nokuqhekeka okunxulunyaniswa nokucima amanzi.
- Ubushushu: Ioyile efudunyezwa kwangaphambili kwi-60–80°C idla ngokusetyenziselwa izinga elifanayo lokupholisa.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukulinganisela
- Injongo: Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangelwa kukucima, ukunciphisa ukubuthathaka, kunye nokufezekisa ibhalansi yokugqibela yobunzima kunye nokuqina.
- Ubushushu kunye nexesha:
- Ukuba umphezulu unzima kakhulu (umz., 58-62 HRC), fudumeza kubushushu obuphantsi be-150–200°C kangangeyure e-1-2.
- Ukuba kufuneka ubulukhuni obuphantsi kancinci kodwa buqine kakhulu, iqondo lobushushu eliyi-400–450°C lingasetyenziswa.
Inyathelo lesi-5: Emva koNyango (Ukhetho kodwa luyacetyiswa)
- Ukugqobhoza ngeembumbulu: Le nkqubo ihlasela umphezulu wetsheyini ngemibhobho emincinci engqukuva, ibangela uxinzelelo oluxineneyo olushiyekileyo. Oku kuphucula kakhulu amandla okudinwa, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwiitsheyini ezithwalwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Ukulinganiswa koBunzulu beTyala
Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umaleko we-carburing unzulu ngokwaneleyo ukumelana nokuguguleka ngaphandle kokuba ikesi iwe phantsi komthwalo.
- Ubunzulu beTyala eliSebenzayo: Oku kuchazwa njengomgama othe nkqo ukusuka kumphezulu ukuya kwindawo apho ubunzima buwela kwixabiso elithile, ngokuqhelekileyo yi-550 HV (okanye i-52 HRC).
- Inkqubo: Icandelo elinqamlezileyo lekhonkco le-chain liyacolwa, likrolwe (ngokuqhelekileyo nge-nital), kwaye lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Kwenziwa ii-indentations ze-microhardness ukuze kuchongwe ubunzulu obuchanekileyo apho ubunzima buhla khona bufikelele kwi-550 HV.
- Iikhrayitheriya zoKwamkelwa: Ubunzulu betyala elisebenzayo elilinganisiweyo kufuneka lihlangabezane nexabiso elincinci elichaziweyo (umz., ≥1.0 mm okanye ngokomthetho we-`0.1 x ububanzi`) kwaye lifane ngokulinganayo kumjikelezo wekhonkco.
Uhlalutyo lweMetallurgical
- Isakhiwo seMicros: I-microscope yesinyithi isetyenziselwa ukuhlola icandelo elinqamlezileyo elikroliweyo. Injongo kukuqinisekisa imeko ye-martensitic enomqolo omncinci kunye notshintsho oluhamba kancinci ukuya kwisakhiwo esiqinileyo se-core. Akufanele kubekho uthungelwano olubalulekileyo lwee-carbides zomda weenkozo, ezinokubangela ukuqhekeka.
Uvavanyo lweMishini
- Amandla Okuqhekeza: Iitsheyini zesampulu zitsalwa ziye kutshatyalaliswa kumatshini wokuvavanya ukuxinana ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana okanye zidlula umthwalo omncinci wokuqhekeza ochazwe yimigangatho efana ne-DIN 764 okanye i-DIN 766 yomgangatho ofanelekileyo (umz., iBanga lesi-2 okanye lesi-3).
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-23-2026
