1. Intshayelelo kwiMigangatho yeDIN yeTekhnoloji yeChain
IMigangatho yeDIN, ephuhliswe liZiko laseJamani lokuMisela (iDeutsches Institut für Normung), imele esinye sesakhelo sobuchule esinabileyo nesivunyiweyo ngokubanzi samakhonkco entsimbi engqukuva kunye nezihlanganisi kwihlabathi jikelele. Le migangatho imisela iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zokwenza, uvavanyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamatyathanga asetyenziswa kuwo onke amacandelo oshishino ahlukeneyo aquka ukuphakamisa, ukuhambisa, ukuxhoma, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla. Iimfuno zobugcisa ezingqongqo ezifakwe kwimigangatho ye-DIN ziqinisekisa amanqanaba aphezulu okhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusebenzisana kweenkqubo zekhonkco ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanzelisa izicelo zoshishino kunye nomasipala. Izithethe zobunjineli zaseJamani zibeke imigangatho ye-DIN njengemilinganiselo yomgangatho, kunye nemigangatho emininzi yamazwe ngamazwe ihambelana okanye iphuma kwiinkcukacha ze-DIN, ngokukodwa kwintsimi yeteknoloji yekhonkco elijikelezayo kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa amandla ngoomatshini.
Indlela ecwangcisiweyo yemigangatho ye-DIN ihlanganisa ubomi obupheleleyo beemveliso zekhonkco ezijikelezayo-ukusuka ekukhethweni kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa kwiindlela zokuvavanya, iindlela zokumkela, kunye nomhlalaphantsi ekugqibeleni. Esi sikhokelo somgangatho esipheleleyo sibonelela abavelisi ngesikhokelo esicacileyo sobugcisa ngelixa sinikezela ngabasebenzisi bokugqibela uqikelelo oluthembekileyo lokusebenza kunye neziqinisekiso zokhuseleko. Imigangatho ihlaziywa ngamaxesha athile ukuze ibandakanywe ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwepheshe, ijongane neenkxalabo zokhuseleko, kwaye ibonise ukuvela kweemfuno zesicelo, ukugcina ukubaluleka kwayo kwindawo yoshishino yehlabathi jikelele apho ukuhambelana kwezixhobo kunye nokusebenza ngokungaguqukiyo kuyinkxalabo ephambili yeengcali zobunjineli kunye nabaxeli bezixhobo.
2. Umda kunye noHlelo lweeNgxowa-mali eziQhelekileyo
Imigangatho ye-DIN inikezela ngokuhlelwa okucacileyo kwimixokelelwane yekhonkco yentsimbi ejikelezayo ngokusekelwe kwizicelo ezijoliswe kuzo, amabakala okusebenza, kunye neempawu zejometri. Amatyathanga ahlelwe ngokucwangcisiweyo ngokwemisebenzi yawo ephambili-nokuba yeyokuphakamisa iinjongo, iinkqubo zokuhambisa, okanye izicelo ze-moring-kunye nodidi ngalunye olunolwahlulo oluthile olusekelwe kwiiparitha zobugcisa. Iparamitha yohlelo olusisiseko luphawu lwe-pitch yekhonkco yekhonkco, kunye ne-5d (izihlandlo ezihlanu ze-diameter ye-material) emele inkcazo yepitch eqhelekileyo yamatyathanga okuhambisa njengoko kubonwa kwi-DIN 762-2, egquma ngokukodwa amatyathanga entsimbi angqukuva kunye ne-pitch 5d yabahambisi bekhonkco, echazwe ngakumbi njengeBanga lesi-5 kunye neempawu eziphuculweyo zonyango ezicinyiweyo kunye nobushushu.
Inkcazo yebakala lemathiriyeli imele enye imilinganiselo yolwahlulo olubalulekileyo phakathi kwemigangatho yeDIN, ebonisa iimpawu zomatshini zekhonkco kunye nokufaneleka kweemeko zenkonzo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, indaleko ukusukaI-DIN 764-1992 ye-"grade 30, pitch 3.5d" amatyathanga ukuya okwangokuI-DIN 764-2010 ye-"grade 5, yacinywa kwaye inomsindo" ibonisa indlela ukuphuculwa kwezinto eziye zamiselwa ngayo ngokuhlaziya okusemgangathweni . Olu lwahlulo lwebakala luhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wekhonkco, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, kunye nobomi bokudinwa, okwenza abaqulunqi bakwazi ukukhetha amatyathanga afanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezithile zokusebenza. ithathe indawo ye-DIN 764 (1992) "yokulinganiswa kunye nokuvavanywa kwamakhonkco entsimbi yentsimbi" .
3. I-Technical Evolution yeMigangatho ePhambili
Ubume obuguquguqukayo bemigangatho ye-DIN bubonisa ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kuyilo lwamakhonkco, isayensi yezinto, kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa. Uvavanyo lweembali zohlaziyo olusemgangathweni lubonisa ipateni yophuculo oluqhubela phambili kwiimfuno zobugcisa kunye neengqwalasela zokhuseleko. Umzekelo, iDIN 762-2 iye yavela ngokuphawulekayo ukusuka kwinguqulelo ka-1992, eyayichaza amatyathanga "ebakala 3", ukuya kwinguqulelo yangoku ka-2015 echaza amatyathanga aqhuba kakuhle kakhulu "ibakala lesi-5, elicinyiweyo nelipholileyo". Olu tshintsho alubonisi nje utshintsho kwigama kodwa lubandakanya uphuculo olukhulu kwiinkcukacha zemathiriyeli, iinkqubo zonyango lobushushu, kunye nolindelo lokusebenza, ekugqibeleni lukhokelela kumatyathanga aneempawu eziphezulu zoomatshini kunye nobomi benkonzo obude.
Ngokufanayo, uphuhliso lweI-DIN 22258-2 yohlobo lweKenter izihlanganisi zekhonkcoibonisa indlela izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezikhethekileyo ezibekwe ngayo emgangathweni ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo. Yaziswa okokuqala ngo-1983 kwaye emva koko yahlaziywa ngo-1993, ngo-2003, kwaye kutsha nje ngo-2015, lo mgangatho udibanise iimfuno ezikhulayo zoyilo lwesinxibelelanisi, izixhobo kunye novavanyo. Uhlaziyo lwamva nje lwe-2015 luquka amaphepha e-18 enkcazo ecacileyo, ebonisa indlela ebanzi ethatyathwe ukujongana nale nxalenye yokhuseleko olubalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zamaketanga. Ipateni ehambelanayo yokuphucula umgangatho-ngokuqhelekileyo yonke iminyaka eyi-10-12 kunye nezilungiso zamaxesha athile-iqinisekisa ukuba imigangatho ye-DIN ihlala iphambili kukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza ngelixa idibanisa impendulo ebonakalayo evela kwizicelo zamashishini.
4. Ukumiselwa komgangatho weZiqhagamshelo zeChayini kunye neZincedisi
I-Chain Connectors imele amacandelo abalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zekhonkco ezijikelezayo, ukuhlanganisana, ukuchithwa, kunye nokulungiswa kobude ngelixa ugcina ingqibelelo yesakhiwo kunye nomthwalo wokuthwala umthamo wekhonkco. Imigangatho ye-DIN ibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezibanzi kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa ikhonkco, kunye neentlobo ze-Kenter ezixutywe ngokukodwa kwi-DIN 22258-2. Ezi ziqhagamshelo zisemgangathweni zenziwe ukuba zihambelane namandla kunye neempawu zokusebenza zamatyathanga abawajoyinayo, kunye neenkcukacha ezineenkcukacha ezigubungela imilinganiselo, izixhobo, unyango lobushushu, kunye neemfuno zovavanyo lobungqina. Ukulungelelaniswa kwezixhumi kuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamatyathanga avela kubakhiqizi abahlukeneyo kwaye kuququzelele ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwemisebenzi kwiimeko zentsimi.
Ukubaluleka kokumiselwa komgangatho wesiqhagamshelo kunabela ngaphaya kokuhambelana kobugcisa ukubandakanya iingqwalasela ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko. Ekuphakamiseni izicelo, umzekelo, ukungaphumeleli kwesiqhagamshelo kunokuba nemiphumo eyintlekele, okwenza ukuba inkcazo engqongqo ngaphakathi kwemigangatho ye-DIN ibaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni umngcipheko. Imigangatho imisela iimfuno zokusebenza, ijometri yojongano, kunye neendlela zovavanyo ekufuneka izihlanganisi zanelise ngaphambi kokuba zithathwe zamkelekile kwinkonzo. Le ndlela ecwangcisiweyo yokulinganisa ikhonkco ibonisa ifilosofi yokhuseleko olubanzi olufakwe ngaphakathi kwemigangatho ye-DIN, apho yonke icandelo kwindlela yomthwalo kufuneka ihlangabezane neendlela ezichazwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yonke.
5. Ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunye nesicelo
Impembelelo yemigangatho ye-DIN idlulela ngaphaya kwemida yaseJamani, kunye nemigangatho emininzi eyamkelwa njengezalathiso kwiiprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe kwaye ibandakanywe kwiinkqubo zolawulo zamazwe ahlukeneyo. Ukudityaniswa okucwangcisiweyo kwemigangatho yekhonkco laseJamani kushicilelo olufana ne "German Chain Drive Standards" yiNational Chain Drive Standardization Committee yaseChina (SAC/TC 164) ibonisa indlela ezi nkcukacha ezithe zasasazwa ngayo kwihlabathi jikelele ukuququzelela utshintshiselwano lobugcisa kunye nokulungelelaniswa komgangatho. Olu papasho, luqulethe imigangatho engama-51 yeDIN yomntu ngamnye equka iindidi zamatsheyini amaninzi aquka "amatyathanga epleyiti eepleyiti ezininzi", "amatyathanga epleyiti", "amatyathanga angaphezulu acaba", "namatyathanga okuhambisa", isebenze njengesalathiso esibalulekileyo samatyathanga kunye nesprockets kuwo wonke amashishini aphesheya.
Ukufaneleka kwehlabathi jikelele kwemigangatho ye-DIN kungqinwa ngakumbi kukungqanyaniswa kwayo namanyathelo okulinganisa amazwe ngamazwe. Uninzi lwemigangatho ye-DIN ilungelelaniswa ngokuqhubekayo kunye nemigangatho ye-ISO ukuququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nentsebenziswano yobugcisa, ngelixa igcina iimfuno ezingqongqo zobuchwepheshe ezibonisa imigangatho yobunjineli baseJamani. Le ndlela imbini-ukugcina iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ze-DIN ngelixa ikhuthaza ukulungelelaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe-iqinisekisa ukuba abavelisi banokuyila iimveliso ezihlangabezana neemfuno zemarike zengingqi kunye nehlabathi jikelele. Imigangatho ibandakanya iiparitha zobugcisa kwiiprofayili zezinyo le-sprocket, imilinganiselo yoqhagamshelwano, kunye neenkcukacha zezinto ezivumela ukusebenzisana okuchanekileyo phakathi kwamatyathanga kunye ne-sprockets ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele.
6. Isiphelo
Imigangatho ye-DIN yeentsimbi ezijikelezileyo zamakhonkco ekhonkco kunye neziqhagamshelo zimela isakhelo sobugcisa esibanzi esiye sachaphazela kakhulu ukuveliswa kwekhonkco yehlabathi kunye nezenzo zokusetyenziswa. Ngeenkqubo zokuhlela ezichanekileyo, izinto ezingqongqo kunye neenkcukacha zokusebenza, kunye nendaleko eqhubekayo ebonisa ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, le migangatho iseke imilinganiselo yokhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nomgangatho kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso. Ukugutyungelwa okucwangcisiweyo kwamatyathanga omabini kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo kuzo kubonisa indlela epheleleyo ethathwe liqumrhu lokulinganisa ukujongana nenkqubo yekhonkco elipheleleyo kunokuba amacandelo azimeleyo abe yedwa.
Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwemigangatho ye-DIN kuya kuqhubeka nokubumba ishishini lekhonkco kwihlabathi jikelele, ngakumbi njengoko iimfuno zokhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusebenzisana kwehlabathi kuqinisa. Ubukho beencwadi zereferensi ezihlanganisiweyo kwiilwimi ezininzi, kunye nohlaziyo olucwangcisiweyo lwemigangatho ukubonisa uphuculo lwetekhnoloji, kuqinisekisa ukuba olu lwazi lunefuthe lobuchule luhlala lufikeleleka kwaye lufanelekile kwiinjineli, abavelisi, kunye neengcali zobugcisa kwihlabathi liphela. Njengoko izicelo zekhonkco zanda kumashishini amatsha kunye neendawo zokusebenza zifuna ngakumbi, isiseko esomeleleyo esibonelelwe ngemigangatho ye-DIN siya kuqhubeka sisebenza njengendawo ebalulekileyo yokukhangela ukuyila, ukukhetha, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhonkco zentsimbi ezijikelezayo kunye nezixhumi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-17-2025
